Ekaterinburg nicholas ii biography

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    Nicholas II, kejsare of Russia

    By Siobhan Peeling

    Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918)
    This portrait shows Russian Tsar Nicholas II in naval costume.
    Agence Rol: Le Tsar Nicolas II [portrait], black-and-white photograph, n.p., n.d.; source: Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale dem France, Rol 42964, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6932381s.
    This image has been identified as public domain.

    Romanov, Nicholas

    (Nikolai Aleksandrovich)

    Russian Emperor (Tsar)

    Born 18 May 1868 in Tsarskoe Selo, Russia

    Died 17 July 1918 in Ekaterinburg, Russia


    Summary

    Nicholas II ruled Russia from 1894 and was commander of the army from September 1915 until his abdication in March 1917 amidst popular demonstrations against bread shortages, the war and autocracy. Historians dispute the relative importance of modernisation, the autocratic struktur, wartime dislocations and Nicholas’ personality in the monarchy’s collapse.

    Heir to the Throne

    Commentators tend to depict the young Nicholas Rom

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    Nicholas II (1868-1918)

    Nicholas II, 1914  ©Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia. He was deposed during the Russian Revolution and executed by the Bolsheviks.

    Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov was born near St Petersburg on 18 May 1868, the eldest son of Tsar Alexander III. When he succeeded his father in 1894, he had very little experience of government. In the same year, Nicholas married Princess Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt (a duchy in Germany). They had four daughters and a son, Alexis, who suffered from the disease haemophilia.

    Alexandra was the dominant personality in their relationship and encouraged the weaker Nicholas's autocratic tendencies. He mistrusted most of his ministers and yet was incapable of carrying out the task of ruling the vast Russian empire alone.

    Determined that Russia should not be left out in the scramble for colonial possessions, Nicholas encouraged Russian expansion in Manchuria. This provoked war with Japan in 1904. The resulting Russian

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    Nicholas II

    Emperor of Russia from 1894 to 1917

    For other uses, see Nicholas II (disambiguation).

    In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Alexandrovich and the family name is Romanov.

    Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov;[d] 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. He marriedAlix of Hesse (later Alexandra Feodorovna) and had children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia—collectively known as the OTMA sisters—and the tsesarevichAlexei Nikolaevich.

    During his reign, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin. He advocated modernisation based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles. Ultim

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